Nursing Theories "System Theories"

This is a continuation post of the Nursing Theories

B. SYSTEM THEORIES

5. SISTER CALLISTA ROY’S ADAPTATION MODEL
- Grounded on humanism.
- Person is adaptive system with coping mechanism.
- Goal of nursing is to promote persons adaptation.
 

STIMULI
1. Focal - immediate
2. Contextual – other internal and external factors
3. Residual – may or may not have effect like attitudes and beliefs.

COPING MECHANISMS
1. Regulator – neural – chemical – endocrine.
2. Cognator – processed through cognition.

ADAPTIVE MODES
- Physiologic – adaptive mode
- Self concept mode
- Interdependence mode
- Role function mode
- Adaptive/effective response
- Maladaptive/ineffective response

6. IMOGENE KING’S GOAL-ATTAINMENT THEORY
- Nursing is a process of human interaction between the nurse, client, each person perceive the other and situation and explore the means to achieve them.
- Humans are open systems in constant interaction with their environment.
- Nursing focus: human interact with the environment.
- Nursing Goal: humanistic maintenance of individuals and groups.
- Interacting components are personal, interpersonal, social.
- Elements: interaction, communication, transaction role, stress.

COMPONENTS PERSONAL SYSTEM
- Perception, self, growth and development, image, space, learning time.
- Organization, authority, power, status, decision making.

7. BETTY NEUMAN’S HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS MODEL
- Based on 2 components stress, reaction to stress.
- Client (individual, group, community) is an open system in interaction with environment.

4 CONCEPTS
 

A. CLIENT
Flexible – keeps system free from stressor reaction or symptom-matology.
Line of Resistance – consist of internal defensive processes. Ex. Immune response.

B. ENVIRONMENT
- Environment has potential to alter system stability due to internal and external stressors.
STRESSORS CAN BE
1. Extra personal – unemployment, microorganisms, peer pressure, radiation.
2. Inter personal – between 2 or more individual (parent expectations).
3. Intra personal – anger, physical abilities, financial condition.
- Environment can also be source of resources that may help client cope with stressors.
 

C. HEALTH
 

D. NURSING
- Primary: protection of normal line of defense.
- Secondary: protection of basic structure by strengthening internal line of resistance.
Ex. Treatment of symptoms, energy conservation
- Tertiary: promotion of reconstitution by supporting existing strengths and resources.

8. DOROTHY JOHNSON’S BEHAVIORAL SYSTEMS MODEL
Mans subsystem
- Behavioral subsystem: addressed by nursing intervention.
- Biological subsystem: addressed by medical intervention.
Goal of Nursing
a. demonstrate behavior commensurate to social demands.
b. modify behavior to support biological needs.
c. benefit from physicians skill and knowledge.
d. demonstrate behavior that does not give evidence of unnecessary trauma.
- Nursing focus: behavior modification to foster equilibrium.